For all electrical engineering students and enthusiastic makers who want to learn and build electronics, it is very important to learn the basics of electronics. Once you are well versed with the basic fundamentals of electronics it will be easy to understand higher level concepts.
There are a lot of electronics tutorials you can easily find online on Youtube or other websites. I am sharing here few basic tutorials, which I think is important to learn and master for every electronics engineer.
Resistors
Resistors are the most used passive electrical components which are used to create resistance in the flow of electric current. Almost all the electrical networks and electronic circuits use one or more resistance to limit the current flow. Resistance is measured in ohms, where an ohm is the resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere passes through a resistor with a one volt drop across its terminals. The current is proportional to the voltage across the terminal ends. This ratio is represented by Ohm’s law which is one of the most frequently used laws in electronics.
R = V/I (Where R is resistance, V is voltage and I is current)
If you already don’t know much about resistors, why and where they are used, how to decide the value of a resistance in a circuit, how the total resistance is calculated when more than one resistor is added in series or parallel, then go through the below tutorial which will cover all these basics about resistance.
http://www.resistorguide.com/what-is-a-resistor/
Capacitors
Capacitor is another frequently used electronic component in electronic circuits that stores electric charge temporarily. A capacitor is made of 2 close conductor plates separated by a dielectric material. These plates accumulate electric charge when connected to a power source; one plate accumulates positive while the other plate accumulates negative charge. The unit of capacitance is Farad (F). A capacitor disconnects current in DC circuits and short circuit in AC circuits.
To understand the concept of capacitors completely and learn about different types of capacitors and their working in various kinds of circuits, check the below tutorial:
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/capacitor/cap_1.html
Diodes
Diodes are used to limit the current flow in one direction only. A diode only blocks current in the reverse direction while the reverse voltage is within a limited range otherwise reverse barrier breaks and the voltage at which this breakdown occurs is called reverse breakdown voltage. To better understand we can say the working of a diode is like a valve in electronic circuits where it control the flow of current. There are different types of diodes which are application specific and are frequently used in circuits, especially power related applications.
To understand more about diodes, please check the tutorial below:
https://www.electrical4u.com/diode-working-principle-and-types-of-diode/
Transistor working and Types
A transistor is either used as a switch or amplifier in electronics circuits. There are many types of transistors used in electronics; each transistor is specialized in its application. A Transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for signals.
To learn more about the working of transistors, where and how they are used, here is a series of tutorials which will give the complete information of transistors:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basic_electronics/basic_electronics_transistors.htm
Filters
Electronic filters are circuits which perform signal processing functions, in order to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones, or both. There are many types of filters which are termed according to their functions, like passive or active, analog or digital, high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop or all-pass, linear or non-linear, etc.
Some of the most commonly used filters are Passive Low Pass Filter, Passive High Pass Filter, Active Low Pass Filter, Active High Pass Filter, Band Pass Filter Circuit, etc.
Below, you can learn more about filters:
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Electronics_Fundamentals/Electronic_Filter
Logic Gates and Their Working
Logic gates process signals which represent true or false, or in other words, zero and one. Generally the positive supply voltage represents true and 0V represents false. There are different types of logic gates depending on their function, like NOT, AND, NAND, OR, NOR, EX-OR and EX-NOR.
You can learn about these different types of logic gates, their uses, representations, truth tables, etc on the below page:
https://electronicsclub.info/gates.htm
Synchronous/Asynchronous Counters
A counter is a sequential machine which produces a specified count sequence. The count changes whenever the input clock is asserted. There is a great variety of counter based on how they are constructed.
1. Clock: Synchronous counters or Asynchronous counters
2. Clock Trigger: Positive edged or Negative edged
3. Counts: Binary, Decade
4. Count Direction: Up, Down, or Up/Down
5. Flip-flops: JK flip flop or T flip flop or D flip flop
This PDF talks about these in detail:
http://educypedia.karadimov.info/library/dns_module3_p1.pdf
Binary Encoders/Decoders
Encoders, as the name suggest, encodes a larger bit of information into a smaller bit value. There are many types of encoders based on the number of inputs and outputs and based on how they operates. But every Encoder has one underlying rule, the number of output lines on an Encoder will always be less than number of input lines. To learn more about encoders, what is an encoder, how and why they are used in digital circuits in below tutorial:
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/encoder-circuit-basics-truth-table-and-explanations
Similarly, Decoders decode a small bit value into large bit value. It is normally used in combination with encoders which does exactly the opposite of what a decoder does. Learn more about decoders in below tutorial:
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/binary-decoder-basics-circuit-truth-tables-applications
RC, RL and RLC Circuits
The Passive components include the Resistor (R), Capacitor (C) and the Inductor (L). These are the three most used components in electronics circuit and you will find them in almost every application circuit. These three components together in different combinations will form the RC, RL and RLC circuits and they are used in many applications from filtering circuits, Tube light chokes, etc.
Below tutorial talks about these popular RC, RL and RLC circuits with examples:
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/rc-rl-and-rlc-circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers or popularly known as op-amps are multipurpose ICs containing a hundred or so transistors that can perform a variety of mathematical functions, making them important building blocks of many signal processing circuits. They are also used in many analog circuit designs, and vastly used in almost all the electronics industries. They have two inputs - inverting and noninverting. A positive voltage source and negative voltage source or ground are connected directly to the op amp, although these are rarely shown on circuit diagrams. There is a single output, which is almost always connected to the inverting input with a negative feedback loop.
To learn more operational amplifiers, inverting and non inverting operational amplifiers, please check the PDF below:
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/es154/lectures/lecture_1/op_amp_1/op_amp_1.html
There are a lot of electronics tutorials you can easily find online on Youtube or other websites. I am sharing here few basic tutorials, which I think is important to learn and master for every electronics engineer.
Resistors
Resistors are the most used passive electrical components which are used to create resistance in the flow of electric current. Almost all the electrical networks and electronic circuits use one or more resistance to limit the current flow. Resistance is measured in ohms, where an ohm is the resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere passes through a resistor with a one volt drop across its terminals. The current is proportional to the voltage across the terminal ends. This ratio is represented by Ohm’s law which is one of the most frequently used laws in electronics.
R = V/I (Where R is resistance, V is voltage and I is current)
If you already don’t know much about resistors, why and where they are used, how to decide the value of a resistance in a circuit, how the total resistance is calculated when more than one resistor is added in series or parallel, then go through the below tutorial which will cover all these basics about resistance.
http://www.resistorguide.com/what-is-a-resistor/
Capacitors
Capacitor is another frequently used electronic component in electronic circuits that stores electric charge temporarily. A capacitor is made of 2 close conductor plates separated by a dielectric material. These plates accumulate electric charge when connected to a power source; one plate accumulates positive while the other plate accumulates negative charge. The unit of capacitance is Farad (F). A capacitor disconnects current in DC circuits and short circuit in AC circuits.
To understand the concept of capacitors completely and learn about different types of capacitors and their working in various kinds of circuits, check the below tutorial:
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/capacitor/cap_1.html
Diodes
Diodes are used to limit the current flow in one direction only. A diode only blocks current in the reverse direction while the reverse voltage is within a limited range otherwise reverse barrier breaks and the voltage at which this breakdown occurs is called reverse breakdown voltage. To better understand we can say the working of a diode is like a valve in electronic circuits where it control the flow of current. There are different types of diodes which are application specific and are frequently used in circuits, especially power related applications.
To understand more about diodes, please check the tutorial below:
https://www.electrical4u.com/diode-working-principle-and-types-of-diode/
Transistor working and Types
A transistor is either used as a switch or amplifier in electronics circuits. There are many types of transistors used in electronics; each transistor is specialized in its application. A Transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for signals.
To learn more about the working of transistors, where and how they are used, here is a series of tutorials which will give the complete information of transistors:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basic_electronics/basic_electronics_transistors.htm
Filters
Electronic filters are circuits which perform signal processing functions, in order to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones, or both. There are many types of filters which are termed according to their functions, like passive or active, analog or digital, high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop or all-pass, linear or non-linear, etc.
Some of the most commonly used filters are Passive Low Pass Filter, Passive High Pass Filter, Active Low Pass Filter, Active High Pass Filter, Band Pass Filter Circuit, etc.
Below, you can learn more about filters:
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Electronics_Fundamentals/Electronic_Filter
Logic Gates and Their Working
Logic gates process signals which represent true or false, or in other words, zero and one. Generally the positive supply voltage represents true and 0V represents false. There are different types of logic gates depending on their function, like NOT, AND, NAND, OR, NOR, EX-OR and EX-NOR.
You can learn about these different types of logic gates, their uses, representations, truth tables, etc on the below page:
https://electronicsclub.info/gates.htm
Synchronous/Asynchronous Counters
A counter is a sequential machine which produces a specified count sequence. The count changes whenever the input clock is asserted. There is a great variety of counter based on how they are constructed.
1. Clock: Synchronous counters or Asynchronous counters
2. Clock Trigger: Positive edged or Negative edged
3. Counts: Binary, Decade
4. Count Direction: Up, Down, or Up/Down
5. Flip-flops: JK flip flop or T flip flop or D flip flop
This PDF talks about these in detail:
http://educypedia.karadimov.info/library/dns_module3_p1.pdf
Binary Encoders/Decoders
Encoders, as the name suggest, encodes a larger bit of information into a smaller bit value. There are many types of encoders based on the number of inputs and outputs and based on how they operates. But every Encoder has one underlying rule, the number of output lines on an Encoder will always be less than number of input lines. To learn more about encoders, what is an encoder, how and why they are used in digital circuits in below tutorial:
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/encoder-circuit-basics-truth-table-and-explanations
Similarly, Decoders decode a small bit value into large bit value. It is normally used in combination with encoders which does exactly the opposite of what a decoder does. Learn more about decoders in below tutorial:
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/binary-decoder-basics-circuit-truth-tables-applications
RC, RL and RLC Circuits
The Passive components include the Resistor (R), Capacitor (C) and the Inductor (L). These are the three most used components in electronics circuit and you will find them in almost every application circuit. These three components together in different combinations will form the RC, RL and RLC circuits and they are used in many applications from filtering circuits, Tube light chokes, etc.
Below tutorial talks about these popular RC, RL and RLC circuits with examples:
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/rc-rl-and-rlc-circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers or popularly known as op-amps are multipurpose ICs containing a hundred or so transistors that can perform a variety of mathematical functions, making them important building blocks of many signal processing circuits. They are also used in many analog circuit designs, and vastly used in almost all the electronics industries. They have two inputs - inverting and noninverting. A positive voltage source and negative voltage source or ground are connected directly to the op amp, although these are rarely shown on circuit diagrams. There is a single output, which is almost always connected to the inverting input with a negative feedback loop.
To learn more operational amplifiers, inverting and non inverting operational amplifiers, please check the PDF below:
http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/es154/lectures/lecture_1/op_amp_1/op_amp_1.html